The most common signs and symptoms of depression in the elderly
Depression in older adults often presents differently than in younger people, and many seniors may not realize it themselves. Below are common signs and symptoms to look out for:
1. Continuous Sadness
The elder may say “I just can’t shake this feeling of sadness ” or express pessimism, feeling that things will never get better. Unlike short-term grief, these feelings don’t subside after a few days or weeks.
2. Loss of Interest
When a once-active adult stops engaging in hobbies like gardening, painting, spending time with friends or indulging in hobbies, it could be a sign of depression. For example, a retired teacher who used to tutor children does not want to participate in any social activities.
3. Fatigue and low energy
Older people often say that they feel “tired all the time, ” even though they get enough sleep. This fatigue isn’t just physical—it affects your ability to enjoy life or complete daily tasks. Grandpa, who once walked every day, finds getting out of bed very tiring.
4. Changes in Apetite
Weight loss or gain can occur due to depression. Seniors might eat less because they lack the interest or energy to cook, or they might turn to comfort food to cope with their feelings. For example, a senior who loved cooking might suddenly stop preparing meals altogether, leading to unhealthy weight loss.
5. Sleep Disturbances
Depression can cause either insomnia, difficulty falling or staying asleep, or hypersomnia, sleeping excessively, “I can’t sleep at night” or “I sleep all day and still feel tired.” These disruptions impact their overall health and well-being
6. Difficulty Concentrating
Seniors may find it difficult to focus on conversations or activities, often saying things like, “I can’t remember things like I used to.” This can affect their ability to engage in daily activities, read, or maintain hobbies.
7. Physical Symptoms
Unexplained aches, pains, or gastrointestinal issues that don't respond to treatment can sometimes be signs of depression. For example, a senior might complain of persistent back pain or digestive problems, despite seeing doctors who find no physical cause.
8. Feelings of Worthlessness or Guilt
Seniors may express guilt or feel like they are a burden to their family. For example, a senior may say, “I’m just a burden to my children” or “I don’t deserve help.” These feelings can be linked to the isolation often felt with depression.
It’s crucial to differentiate between normal ageing, which may bring occasional feelings of sadness, and clinical depression, which is a persistent, chronic condition. Here’s how they differ:
* Duration: Temporary sadness from a loss or a difficult situation typically fades over time. In contrast, depression lasts for weeks, months, or even longer, affecting daily life
* Impact on Daily Life: Normal ageing can bring moments of sadness but doesn’t usually interfere with daily activities. Depression, however, can impair functioning—making it hard to engage in activities, maintain relationships, or even take care of oneself
* Physical Symptoms: While temporary sadness may not cause physical changes, depression can manifest physically, such as fatigue, changes in appetite, and unexplained pain. For example, an older adult might experience persistent headaches or muscle aches that don’t respond to standard treatments.
Treatment options for depression in older adults
Fortunately, depression in older adults is treatable. A combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes can help seniors manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
1. In the field of medicine
* Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) : CBT is a structured, goal-based treatment that helps individuals identify and change the negative thinking patterns that lead to depression. For example, an adult who feels hopeless about growing up learns to refocus on the positive aspects of his or her life, such as his or her own accomplishments on relationships
* Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): IPT focuses on improving communication skills and dealing with interpersonal problems, and can be especially helpful for older people dealing with loneliness or grief
2. Medical treatment
* Antidepressants, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs, can help control mood and reduce depressive symptoms. A senior may find that when they take the right medication, they have more energy and a positive outlook on life.
3. Lifestyle changes
* Regular exercise, such as walking, swimming, or yoga, has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression. For example, an adult who enjoyed a morning walk may find that simply getting out and taking a short walk each day can improve their mood and overall health
* A balanced diet rich in nutrients can improve both the body and the mind. Seniors can benefit from eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish and whole grains, which support brain health.
4. Support Groups
* Engaging with others who understand can provide emotional relief. Seniors might benefit from participating in support groups where they can share their experiences and feelings with others who are going through similar challenges.
Encouraging Seniors to Seek Help and Reduce Stigma Around Mental Health
One of the biggest barriers to addressing depression in older adults is the stigma surrounding mental health. Many seniors grew up in an era where mental health issues were often not discussed openly, leading to shame and reluctance to seek help. It’s essential to remind seniors and their families that depression is a medical condition, not a personal failing, and that seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.
Family members and caregivers can play an important role in recognizing the signs of depression and encouraging their loved ones to seek help. Open conversations about mental health can help reduce the stigma and create a supportive environment for seniors.
Depression in older adults is a serious but treatable condition
By recognizing the symptoms, understanding how it differs from normal ageing, and exploring available treatment options, seniors can find relief and lead more fulfilling lives. Whether through therapy, lifestyle changes, or support groups, there is help available for those struggling with depression. It’s important for seniors to know they are not alone and that help is within reach.
At Sukoon Unlimited, we are committed to supporting seniors on their mental health journey. Through our experienced Sarathis, coaches, and counsellors, we provide personalized guidance to help seniors cope with the emotional challenges of ageing. Our meetups and events offer a platform for seniors to connect, share experiences, and engage in activities that promote mental and emotional well-being. At Sukoon Unlimited, we believe that every senior deserves the opportunity to live a fulfilling, joyful life—and we’re here to help them every step of the way.
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